The European Commission has identified two fundamental issues with the current model of taxation: namely the additional compliance costs borne by businesses that conduct cross-border trade when compared to those businesses that only trade domestically and the occurrence of VAT fraud. The European Commission has commissioned EY to conduct a study of five policy options designed to enable the implementation of a destination based VAT system across the EU that to some extent addresses these issues. As part of the study, EY has gathered information from businesses, tax experts, Member States' Tax Authorities and additional sources in order to make a comparison against the current "As Is" taxation model and also determine the impact of the implementation of each of the five proposed policy options.