France exempts donations and bequests to public or public-interest bodies, including charities, from registration duties (taxes on transfers without consideration (droits de mutation à titre gratuit)) where such bodies are established in France. The organisations in question are public or public-interest bodies that exclusively allocate their resources to science, culture or art, or for cultural associations, etc., and which carry out their activities on French soil. However, bodies with similar characteristics established or carrying out similar activities in other Member States of the European Union are subject to a 60% tax (calculated above a threshold of €1 594) on the value of the donation or bequest received. Nevertheless, by way of exception, France has entered into a number of bilateral agreements which allow for exemption from duties on a reciprocal basis.